One of us has seen almost all versions of Wuthering Heights (bar the 2011 film) and while the book by Emily Bronte isn't one of our favourites, it is a seminal work in Western literature. It is one of the earliest, if not the earliest work written by a Western woman that handles domestic abuse, otherization and cycles of violence and trauma. Now, we went in to watch Emerald Fennell's version of Wuthering Heights with the expectation of it being a bad adaptation. We were, of course, right. Because there is no possible way to make a 14-year old posh white girl's fever dream of Wuthering Heights good. This is what the director herself advertised the movie as, so she didn't even try to update her teen girl fantasy she had of Wuthering Heights. It is utterly ridiculous that an adult woman infantalizes a book written by a talented 18-year old by making the novel into a worse version of a Harlequin and then is infantalized in turn by her own fans who try to defend the monstrosity that she created by claiming criticizing Fennell is anti-feminist. There is always a strand of misogyny in criticism against women creators because we live in a patriarchy, but that should not deter thoughtful criticism of women creators' works. Because unfortunately, women can also uphold patriarchy and want to advance in a patriarchal structure. That is not to say, however, that there is anything wrong with your moral character for liking this movie or you're anti-feminist for liking it. We like Fast & Furious - films, so who are we to judge? We will, though, be pretty brutal when dissecting why this version of Wuthering Heights is probably the worst adaptation of the source material and why it doesn't even work as a decent mindless fluff for us.
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| Even this poster looks more like Gone with the Wind than Wuthering Heights. (Pic: Wikipedia) |
Positives
There aren't many. We get if you like the visuals in this film, there are lots of beautiful shots in this one. The costumes can look extravagant and lush, with few flubs here and there. Set designs, including the moors, also work fairly well in the film. The music, when they use more traditional style English folk songs, would probably fit even in the novel.
Gripes
This is gonna be a long one. We'll number them purely for our benefit, the first ones in order of importance.
1. Heathcliff is white. Racists can say whatever they want and try to justify the numerous passages in the book that clearly state that Heathcliff isn't white. The very first introduction we get for Heathcliff describes the man as - "Mr. Heathcliff...is a dark-skinned gypsy in aspect, in dress and manners a gentleman". In other words, a Romani type. There is also a scene where characters speculate about Heathcliff's origin - wondering if he's a castaway from India, Americas (during that time probably meaning the Caribbeans/West Indies that Britain owned) or Spanish colonies. Mr. Earnshaw, Catharine's father, also found Heathcliff from Liverpool, the port city that the slave trade went through and was used to bring British colonial subjects to Britain. Then there is the passage where young Heathcliff laments to Nelly the fact that he does not possess light hair and fair skin like Edgar Linton. And one has to wonder after hearing this, why would Nelly comfort Heathcliff with a story that maybe Heathcliff's unknown father was a Chinese emperor or mother an Indian queen? Why did Nelly use racialized countries' royalty instead of European, if Heathcliff is white? All this is not negated by a scene that racists love to use to defend their argument that Heathcliff is white - where it is described that Heathcliff's face pales to the colour of the wall. What wall are we talking about though? This specific scene takes place in Wuthering Heights, the abode of childhood Catharine and Heathcliff. Why would anyone assume that the walls there are white? These walls are not described in any manner, so they could really be any colour. You don't have to be white for your skin to pale from shock, either. Need we also remind people, "pale as a ghost" is an expression and not the literal meaning of the phrase. The otherization and horrific abuse that Heathcliff faces is in huge part because he isn't white. It is a pretty damning indictment of the posh white director that she could not imagine a non-white person being a tragic romantic male lead. Most previous versions raceswap Heathcliff as well (except the 2011 one), but you'd think that in the year 2026 we'd know better. Whitewashing Heathcliff (both his skin colour and character) is an insult to the themes, character narratives and purpose of the entire story.
2. The abscence of Cathy jr. and Hareton. These two characters are the other main characters of the book, with Cathy and Heathcliff being the focus in the second act, and Cathy jr. and Hareton (Hindley's son) taking the stage in the first and third acts of the novel. Cathy jr. and Hareton are the vessels of the story's main conclusion - closing the loop of generational abuse and trauma and how to start healing from it. Also, they are allowed to be the healthy version of Cathy and Heathcliff - they retain their wildness of character, while freeing themselves from abuse and prejudice. This was not possible for Heathcliff and Cathy, because of external factors like class and racism, trauma bonding between Cathy and Heathcliff that turned into obsession, and because the two dudes in Cathy's life just would not accept that Cathy loved them both and instead wanted her to choose one of them.
3. Making domestic abuse a kink. Isabella, who marries Heathcliff, is basically turned from a domestic abuse victim into a BDSM kink enjoyer. There is no moment in the book where it is even hinted that Isabella would enjoy pain of any kind and the abuse she faces from Heathcliff is severe (he throws a knife at her when she's pregnant and it is implied that he rapes her). This depiction is a degradation of both domestic abuse victims and BDSM community (who are consenting adults enjoying specific intimate kinks). We can understand that a white person might be hesitant to show a non-white man being abusive to a white woman because so often that is done for expressly racist reasons, but the whole point of Heathcliff's character is that he perpetuates the abuse he received, partly because of his "other" status, against people close to him. But why then is Edgar and Isabella's relation changed - because Edgar is swapped from white to brown (which is what Heathcliff would've been originally) but Isabella is then no longer his sister but his ward? Could it be that they also didn't want to depict a non-white woman being abused by a white man, especially by the supposed "romantic hero" of the story? It is funny that this version claims to be so shocking and controversial, but then it cut out all the controversial and shocking parts of the book (like Heathcliff hanging Isabella's dog on their wedding night or digging up Cathy's dead body and lying next to it) because the director didn't want to break her image of Heathcliff as a dashing romantic hero, and instead replaced these parts with tame milquetoast affair drama.
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| Pic: ELLE Canada |
4. Combining Hindley (Catharine's brother) and Mr. Earnshaw (the father). Hindley is the main tormentor of both Heathcliff and Cathy as children and Hindley especially hates Heathcliff, because he believes that his father loves Heathcliff more than him and thus he beats Heathcliff mercilessy throughout their childhood. He also calls Heathcliff racial slurs and the old servant Joseph eggs Hindley on because he believes that Heathcliff is the devil because he does not look like the rest of them. Joseph also has some weird racial religious ideas in his head that make him pretty much worship Hindley (and later Hareton) as a master race type being. All the children, Hindley, Cathy and Heathcliff are pretty much emotionally neglected by their father but Heathcliff is the only one who suffers physical abuse from Hindley. This abuse fucked up Heathcliff for the rest of his life and led to his spiral of continuing the abuse towards anyone he felt was responsible for his misery. The father in the film is barely in it and he only abuses Heathcliff once when they are children, after that it's like the abuse is surgically removed from the story because it's never mentioned, referenced or shown again. It almost feels like the filmmaker was not at all interested in exploring the themes of abuse and trauma in the book by removing Hindley's character or not making the father constantly abuse Heathcliff.
5. Nelly being an antagonist. Jesus, if there was not a clearer sign that this movie was made by a rich white lady, it is the changes to Nelly's character. First of all, it's ridiculous that they decided to make Nelly the main antagonist in this story when the book doesn't really have villains in it. The closest to a villain we get in the book is Hindley, and even his violent behaviour while not justified, is explained by him feeling inferior to Heathcliff while simultaneously seeing him as an "other" stealing his father's love. This violent behaviour is then something that Heathcliff perpetuates toward people he perceived hurt him. Also, why is Nelly the racialized "other" in this version? They basically made Nelly into Heathcliff in this movie, because she is the one who is vengeful and resentful towards Cathy instead of Heathcliff. This version destroys all of Nelly's growth in the novel, where she starts off as judgmental and prejudiced and ends with her having compassion and understanding for Heathcliff who she had not loved the same as Cathy and Hindley, but then in the end sees Heathcliff the same as them - as her family. In addition, we are far too socialist to accept the framing that a servant would have any power over people with titles and lands.
6. The relationship between Cathy, Heathcliff and Edgar is misrepresented. Cathy loves both Heathcliff and Edgar. This is something that is missing from every adaptation and from the general discourse about the book. Both Heathcliff and Edgar do not accept Cathy as she is - her wildness but also her desire for comfort. Edgar cannot accept the fact that Cathy loves Heathcliff and Heathcliff cannot accept the fact that Cathy loves Edgar. All three are laid to rest next to each other. It was fairly clear when we read the novel that this love triangle was inspired by Guinevere, Arthur and Lancelot. They could have been a happy polycule if not for the times and the men's inability to let go of their egos. This version really destroyed both men's characters by making Heathcliff Cathy's one true destined love and Edgar just some dude who is in the way of these star-crossed lovers. Wuthering Heights is not Romeo & Juliet and most people also misunderstand that story, so no wonder this movie ended up the way it did. It's hard not to think that this film was not a self-insert by making Heathcliff basically the sole love interest and turning Cathy blonde instead of the brunette that she was in the book and every single other version.
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| Pic: IBTimes UK |
7. This movie does not work even as mindless fluff. We were advertised that this film would be a shocking smutty gothic erotica, and yet all we got was some barely shown vanilla sex scenes (seriously, there's nothing to see) and the BDSM kink is only hinted at, we don't actually get a sex scene with this BDSM - theme. How disappointing and tame. Even Bridgerton's 4th season had hotter sex scenes. Honestly, it would have been far more shocking to show these characters as the flawed people they were doing some horrific shit. The director could have even leaned into the incestuous theory of Cathy and Heathcliff being half-siblings and go full Game of Thrones on it. Or hell, if you wanted a truly shocking aspect in the story, how about necrophilia? And yes, it is a reasonable intepretation from the novel that Heathcliff doesn't just lie next to Cathy's corpse. Also, where are the damn ghosts and supernatural elements in this movie? The film does look beautiful, but even that is more like somebody took individual photos and arranged them into a display rather than having a smoothly flowing film. There is zero chemistry between the leads and aging up the leads did a huge disservice to the characters, because ain't no way late 20's and early 30's people act like teenagers. Since the movie does not bother to really build any relationships or study characters deeper, all you get is a pretty picture and nothing else. It is fine to like a pretty picture but let's not pretend that it is anything more. If you want some brainless steamy smutty destiny love fluff with colorblind casting, Bridgerton's latest season works way better than anything in this movie. And we saw a better period piece love story with supernatural elements just recently - Hamnet. Go watch that instead.
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